Archive for October 2017

A key consequence of the Battle of Saratoga in October 1777 was:

A key consequence of the Battle of Saratoga in October 1777 was:



a) the adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress.
b) General Washington's decision to retreat to Valley Forge for the winter.
c) the immediate surrender of all British troops to the Continental army.
d) France became an ally to the United States.



Answer: D

The preamble of the Declaration of Independence

The preamble of the Declaration of Independence



a) was originally drafted by Benjamin Franklin and then brilliantly edited by Thomas Jefferson.
b) specifically attacks Parliament and the British army.
c) is an updated version of John Locke's ideas about the Rights of Human/Mankind.
d) consists of a list of grievances against King George III.





Answer: C

Thomas Paine's Common Sense:

Thomas Paine's Common Sense:




a) argued that America would become the home of freedom and "an asylum for mankind."
b) argued that the British governmental system was perfectly good, but that current officials had corrupted it.
c) sold well among the elite, who in turn were able to convey its ideas to the lower classes who began the Revolution.
d) led to his arrest on charges of treason, but he saved himself by writing another pamphlet taking the opposite position.





Answer: A

What did Lord Dunmore (the royal governor of Virginia) do that horrified many southerners?

What did Lord Dunmore (the royal governor of Virginia) do that horrified many southerners?




a) He encouraged Indians to conduct raids against backcountry settlements in the Carolinas.
b) He promised freedom to slaves who joined the British cause.
c) He circulated germ-ridden blankets among frontier towns to spread disease.
d) He issued a proclamation freeing all slaves south of the Ohio River.



Answer: B

The Quebec Act:

The Quebec Act:




a) placed a tax on all imported goods from Canada.
b) called for Canada to join America in the struggle for independence.
c) granted religious toleration to Catholics in Canada.
d) removed the Ohio River Valley from the province of Quebec.




Answer: C

Why did colonists object to the Tea Act?

Why did colonists object to the Tea Act?



a) It raised the tax on tea so much as to make tea prohibitively expensive.
b) By paying it, they would be acknowledging Great Britain's right to tax the colonists.
c) It granted a monopoly, and the colonists opposed all forms of monopoly.
d) The British East India Company made inferior tea, and colonists preferred not to drink it.




Answer: B

Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys:

Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys:




a) fought intrusions by New York landlords into what became Vermont.
b) put down the revolt of the Regulators in North Carolina.
c) were spies working for the Sons of Liberty.
d) started the colony of New Hampshire.



Answer: A

The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because:

The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because:



a) lawyers were offended that they could be jailed for not using the correct stamp on legal documents.
b) none of the revenue raised would be spent within the colonies themselves.
c) it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies.
d) it raised prices on printed products so much that most colonists no longer could afford to buy books and newspapers.





Answer: C

Which of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War?

Which of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War? 



a) the creation of a central colonial government under the Albany Plan of Union
b) strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire
c) the founding of the new colony of Ohio in territory acquired from France
d) increased popularity of the Anglican Church among ordinary colonists




Answer: B

What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?

What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763? 



a) to bring stability to the colonial frontier
b) to end the slave trade
c) to open up more land for settlement
d) to prohibit Catholicism in the territory newly acquired from France




Answer: A

The French in North America:

The French in North America: 



a) made it a point to avoid competing with the British.
b) won control of the Ohio Valley after the Seven Years' War.
c) included a significant number of Nova Scotians who relocated to southern Louisiana, creating the group known as Cajuns.
d) were notorious for their poor relations with Native Americans.





Answer: C

The American version of the Enlightenment:

The American version of the Enlightenment: 



a) produced no one who achieved world renown, unlike the English and French versions.
b) had no impact on religion.
c) led to the increased popularity of Arminianism but not of Deism.
d) was exemplified by Benjamin Franklin.




Answer: D

"Salutary neglect" meant:

"Salutary neglect" meant: 





a) colonial legislatures were supposed to meet only when absolutely necessary.
b) failing to salute British officers was a punishable offense for colonists.
c) British governments left the colonies largely alone to govern themselves.
d) providing little oversight of slaves engaged in the task system.


Answer: C

"Republicanism" in the eighteenth-century Anglo-American political world emphasized the importance of ____________ as the essence of liberty.

"Republicanism" in the eighteenth-century Anglo-American political world emphasized the importance of ____________ as the essence of liberty. 





a) protecting the natural rights of all humans
b) active participation in public life by property-owning citizens
c) a strong central state
d) voting rights for all adult men



Answer: B

Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies?

Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies?




a) Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites.
b) More reformers lived in the North.
c) The northern colonies used Indian labor instead.
d) The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves.




Answer: D

The development of rice plantations in South Carolina:

The development of rice plantations in South Carolina: 



a) would have proven impossible without the importation of thousands of European indentured servants to serve as a labor force.
b) required so much capital investment that Carolina's planter elite never became as wealthy as those in the Chesapeake region.
c) led to a black majority in that colony by the 1770s.
d) occurred only after the colony's planters failed to cultivate cotton.





Answer: C

In the Chesapeake region, slavery:

In the Chesapeake region, slavery: 



a) rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680.
b) was the labor system preferred by planters as early as the first settlement of Jamestown.
c) allowed planters to make vast profits from cotton and rice as well as from indigo.
d) was one of the few children of African-American and Native-American descent ever to be the chief of his Indian tribe.





Answer: A

The Levellers:

The Levellers:



a) got their name for knocking down (leveling) the Parliament building.
b) called for the strengthening of freedom and democracy at a time when those principles were seen as possibly contributing to anarchy.
c) proposed to abolish Parliament.
d) claimed the world was flat or level.



Answer: B

Roger Williams who established the colony of Rhode Island argued that:

Roger Williams who established the colony of Rhode Island argued that:




a) church and state must be totally separated.
b) religious wars were necessary to protect not only religion, but also freedom.
c) only John Winthrop was capable of explaining the word of God.
d) Puritans must stay in the Church of England and reform it.




Answer: A

In Puritan New England:

In Puritan New England:




a) most women gave birth at least ten times.
b) women married at an older age than their English counterparts.
c) it was illegal for a woman to have children after the age of twenty-eight, so child-bearing began earlier than it did elsewhere.
d) infant death rates were lower than in the Chesapeake colonies, because the environment was healthier.



Answer: D

In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England:

In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England:



a) was not as deeply religious.
b) did not involve class-based hierarchies.
c) was more family oriented.
d) allowed for equal legal rights for women and men.





Answer: C

Maryland was similar to Virginia in that:

Maryland was similar to Virginia in that: 




a) both offered settlers total religious freedom.
b) the king approved the creation of each colony only because of pressure from Parliament.
c) John Smith had to take over the colony and organize its settlers to work.
d) tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society.



Answer: D

When the Virginia Company gave control of the Virginia colony to the king in 1624:

When the Virginia Company gave control of the Virginia colony to the king in 1624:



a) Virginia became the first royal colony.
b) it did so under pressure from the king, who was trying to consolidate his ownership of all colonies.
c) James wanted to change the colony's name to Jamesland, but Parliament rejected it.
d) its white population had grown rapidly and was now 65,000.



Answer: A

Which of the following is NOT a way that colonists undermined traditional Native American agriculture and hunting?

Which of the following is NOT a way that colonists undermined traditional Native American agriculture and hunting?



a) Their freely roaming pigs and cattle trampled Native American cornfields and gardens.
b) Their reliance on the fur trade reduced the population of beaver and other animals important to the Native Americans.
c) They changed the land to suit their way of life instead of adapting to their new surroundings.
d) Their refusal to build fences and permanent structures created conflict with Native American hunting methods.




Answer: D

Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:

Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:




a) was common.
b) was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691.
c) created a mixed race of Native Americans who often wound up enslaved.
d) produced a member of a British royal family who became an Indian chief.




Answer: B

Of the half million people who left England between 1607 and 1700:

Of the half million people who left England between 1607 and 1700:



a) more than half of them settled in North America.
b) Canada was the most popular destination, far outdistancing other English colonies.
c) more went to the West Indies than to North America.
d) almost all were members of aristocratic families.




Answer: C

Just as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in the colonization of Spanish North and South America, England established patterns of colonization in North America that had been practiced in which of the following countries?

Just as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in the colonization of Spanish North and South America, England established patterns of colonization in North America that had been practiced in which of the following countries?





a) Ireland
b) India
c) China
d) Scotland



Answer: A

Which of the following was not among the qualities of the American participation in World War II?

Which of the following was not among the qualities of the American participation in World War II? 




a) a group of highly effective military and political leaders
b) an enormously effective effort in producing weapons and supplies
c) a higher percentage of military casualties than any other Allied nation
d) the preservation of the American homeland against invasion or destruction for the air
e) the maintenance and re-affirmation of the strength of American democracy




Answer: E

The "unconditional surrender" policy toward Japan was modified by

The "unconditional surrender" policy toward Japan was modified by 



a) assuring the Japanese that there would be no "war crimes" trials
b) guaranteeing that defeated Japan would be treated decently by American occupiers
c) agreeing not to drop more than tow atomic bombs on Japan
d) agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne
e) permitting the Japanese to retain a st5rong army but no real navy




Answer: E

The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred briefly by the belief that

The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred briefly by the belief that 



a) a nuclear weapon was the only way to win the war
b) the Germans might acquire such a weapon first
c) the Japanese were at work on an atomic bomb project of their own
d) scientists like Albert Einstein might be lost to the war effort
e) the American public would not tolerate the casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan




Answer: E

The Potsdam conference

The Potsdam conference 



a) determined the fate of Eastern Europe
b) brought France and China in as part of the "Big" Five
c) concluded that the Soviet Union would enter the war in the Pacific
d) was Franklin Roosevelt's last meeting with Churchill and Stalin
e) issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed




Answer: A

As a result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf,

As a result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, 




a) Japan stalled an Allied victory
b) Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey lost his first naval engagement
c) Japan was nearly able to take Australia
d) the U.S. could bomb Japan from land bases
e) Japan was finished as a naval power




Answer: E

Action by the U.S. against Hitler's campaign of genocide against the Jews

Action by the U.S. against Hitler's campaign of genocide against the Jews 



a) was reprehensibly slow in coming
b) included the admission of large numbers of Jewish refugees into the U.S.
c) involved the bombing of rail lines used to carry victims to the Nazi death camps
d) was slow in coming, because the U.S. did not know about the death camps until near the end of the war
e) was a major reason the U.S. fought World War II





Answer: A

In a sense, Franklin Roosevelt was the "forgotten man" at the Democratic Convention in 1944 because

In a sense, Franklin Roosevelt was the "forgotten man" at the Democratic Convention in 1944 because 



a) so much attention was focused on who would gain the vice presidency
b) he remained in Washington, D.C., to conduct the war
c) poor health prevented him from taking an active role
d) the issue of a fourth term was prominent
e) vice president Henry Wallace controlled the convention





Answer: B

At the wartime Teheran Conference,

At the wartime Teheran Conference, 




a) the Soviet Union agreed to declare war on Japan within three months
b) the Big Three allies agreed to divide postwar Germany into separate occupied zones
c) the Soviet Union agreed to allow free elections in Eastern European nations that its armies occupied at the end of the war
d) plans were made for the opening of a second front in Europe
e) it was agreed that five Big Powers would have veto power in the United Nations



Answer: A

The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it

The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it 




a) delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe
b) prevented the rise of fascism or communism in Italy after the war
c) enabled the Americans to appease both British and Soviet strategic demands
d) enabled the U.S. to prevent Austria and Greece from falling into Soviet hands
e) destroyed the monastery of Monte Cassino and other Italian artistic treasures



Answer: E

After the Italian surrender in August, 1943,

After the Italian surrender in August, 1943, 


a) the Allies found it easy to conquer Rome and the rest of Italy
b) the Soviets accepted the wisdom of delaying the invasion of France and pursuing the second front in Italy
c) the British demanded the restoration of the monarchy in Italy
d) the Americans withdrew from Italy to prepare for D-Day
e) the German army poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance



Answer: E

The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was

The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was



a) a modification of the demand of unconditional surrender of Italy
b) the overthrow of Mussolini and Italy's unconditional surrender
c) the swift Allied conquest of the Italian peninsula
d) a conflict between Churchill and General Eisenhower over the invasion of the Italian mainland
e) the threat of a Communist takeover of the Italian government




Answer: A

President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced at their wartime conference in Casablanca that their principal war aim was to

President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced at their wartime conference in Casablanca that their principal war aim was to 



a) destroy the last remnants of European imperialism
b) promote the national independence of all European nations
c) contain the postwar power of the Soviet Union
d) force the unconditional surrender of both Germany and Japan
e) create an effective postwar Atlantic alliance




Answer: D

The Allied demand for unconditional surrender was criticized mainly by opponents who believed that such surrender would

The Allied demand for unconditional surrender was criticized mainly by opponents who believed that such surrender would 




a) encourage the enemy to resist as long as possible
b) be impossible to obtain
c) be unacceptable to the Soviets, who had already suffered terrible casualties
d) result in an armistice whose terms would lead to war, much as the Treaty of Versailles had led to World War II
e) discourage anti-Hitler resisters



Answer: A

The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because

The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because 




a) they hoped that Germany and the Soviet Union would cripple each other
b) men and material were needed more urgently in the Pacific
c) the Soviet Union requested a delay until it could join the campaign
d) they believed that North Africa was more strategically important
e) of British reluctance and lack of adequate shipping



Answer: E

The Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic by doing all of the following except

The Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic by doing all of the following except 




a) escorting convoys of merchants' vessels
b) organizing Allied "wolf packs" to chase down German U-boats
c) dropping depth charges from destroyers
d) bombing submarine bases
e) deploying the new technology of radar



Answer: B

In waging war against Japan, the United States relied on a strategy of

In waging war against Japan, the United States relied on a strategy of 



a) heavy bombing from Chinese air bases
b) invading Japanese strongholds in Southeast Asia
c) fortifying China by transporting supplies from India over the Himalayan "hump"
d) "island hopping" across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds
e) turning the Japanese flanks in New Guinea and Alaska




Answer: D

The Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942 in their attempt to control much of the Pacific when they

The Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942 in their attempt to control much of the Pacific when they 





a) failed to take the Philippines
b) unsuccessfully attacked the oil-rich Dutch East Indies
c) overextended themselves instead of digging in and consolidating their gains
d) sent their submarine force on a suicide mission at the Battle of Midway
e) attacked Alaska and the Australia


Answer: C

The national debt increased most during

The national debt increased most during 



a) Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal
b) Herbert Hoover's administration
c) World War II
d) World War I
e) the 1920s




Answer: C

During World War II, American Indians

During World War II, American Indians 




a) demanded that President Roosevelt end discrimination in defense industries
b) rarely enlisted in the armed forces
c) moved south to replace African-American laborers
d) moved off reservations in large numbers
e) promoted recovery of tribal languages



Answer: D

The northward migration of African-Americans accelerated after World War II because

The northward migration of African-Americans accelerated after World War II because 



a) the southern system of sharecropping was declared illegal
b) Latinos had replaced blacks in the work force
c) Mechanical cotton pickers came into use
d) northern cities repealed segregation laws
e) the South made it clear that they were not wanted




Answer: C

Which of the following is least related to the other three?

Which of the following is least related to the other three? 



a) Smith-Connally Act
b) A. Philip Randolph
c) fair Employment Practices Commission
d) racial discrimination in wartime industry
e) proposed "Negro March on Washington"




Answer: A

African-Americans did all of the following during World War II except

African-Americans did all of the following during World War II except 



a) fight in integrated combat units
b) rally behind the slogan "Double V" (victory over dictators abroad and racism at home)
c) move north and west in large numbers
d) form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality
e) serve in the Army Air Corps




Answer: A

The employment of more than six million women in American industry during World War II led to

The employment of more than six million women in American industry during World War II led to 



a) equal pay for men and women
b) a greater percentage of American women in war industries than anywhere else in the world
c) the establishment of day-care centers by the government
d) a reduction in employment for black males
e) a strong desire of most women to work for wages




Answer: C

During World War II,

During World War II, 



a) labor unions declared a self-imposed moratorium on strikes
b) unions actively combated racial discrimination
c) farm production declined
d) for security reasons, the bracero program with Mexico was temporarily halted
e) labor unions substantially increased their membership




Answer: E

Match each of the wartime agencies below with its correct function:

Match each of the wartime agencies below with its correct function: 



A. War Production Board
B. Office of Price Administration
C. War Labor Board
D. Fair Employment Practices Commission
1) assigned priorities with respect to the use of raw materials and transportation facilities
2) controlled inflation by rationing
3) imposed ceilings on wage increases
4) saw to it that no hiring discrimination was used against blacks seeking employment in war industries


a) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
b) A-1, Bi2, C-3, D-4
c) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
d) A-3, Bi2, C-1, D-4
e) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3




Answer: B

When the U.S. entered World War II in December 1941,

When the U.S. entered World War II in December 1941, 



a) it took nearly two years for the country to unite
b) the conflict soon b3ecame an idealistic crusade for democracy
c) the government repudiated the Atlantic Charter
d) a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about
e) the idea of allying with the Communist Soviet Union was repugnant




Answer: D

In the period from 1885 to 1924, Japanese immigrants to the U.S. were

In the period from 1885 to 1924, Japanese immigrants to the U.S. were 



a) poorly educated
b) primarily from the island of Hokkaido
c) some of the poorest people to enter the country
d) exclusively farmers
e) select representatives of their nation




Answer: E

Japanese-Americans were placed in concentration camps during World War II

Japanese-Americans were placed in concentration camps during World War II 




a) due to numerous acts of sabotage
b) in retaliation for the placement of Americans in concentration camps by the Japanese
c) as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and fear
d) because many were loyal to Japan
e) all of the above




Answer: C

Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II

Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II



a) were further assimilated into American society
b) were not allowed to serve in the military
c) had their patriotism questioned as in World War I
d) cast their vote for Republican candidates opposed to the war
e) served in ethnically distinct military units





Answer: A

Once at war, Americans first great challenge was to

Once at war, Americans first great challenge was to 


a) pass a conscription law
b) raise an army and navy
c) extend aid to the Soviet Union
d) develop atomic weapons
e) retool its industry for all-out war production



Answer: E

As World War II began for the United States in 1941, President Roosevelt

As World War II began for the United States in 1941, President Roosevelt 




a) led a seriously divided nation into the conflict
b) endorsed the same kind of government persecution of German-Americans as Wilson had in World War I
c) called the American people to the same kind of idealistic crusade with the same rhetoric that Wilson had used in World War I
d) decided to concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war on hold
e) declared that the first strategic goal was recovery from Pearl Harbor



Answer: D

A group of historians known as the New Left revisionists argued that the United States' burst of overseas expansion

A group of historians known as the New Left revisionists argued that the United States' burst of overseas expansion




a. was motivated by naive idealism.
b. was necessary to maintain an international balance of power.
c. was designed to create an "informal empire" that would guarantee American economic dominance of foreign markets and investments.
d. sought to build a colonial empire.
e. was motivated by a desire among American men to assert their masculinity.


Answer: C

Japanese immigrants first entered U.S. territory to work as

Japanese immigrants first entered U.S. territory to work as



a. construction workers on the transcontinental railroad.
b. "yellow peril" villains in the Hollywood movie industry.
c. servants and gardeners for San Francisco's wealthy elite.
d. laborers on Hawaii's sugar plantations.
e. factory workers in California's canning industry



Answer: D

The "Gentlemen's Agreement" that Teddy Roosevelt worked out with the Japanese in 1907-1908

The "Gentlemen's Agreement" that Teddy Roosevelt worked out with the Japanese in 1907-1908



a. concluded the Russo-Japanese War.
b. helped him to win the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize.
c. caused Japan to halt the flow of laborers to America in return for the repeal of a racist school decree by the San Francisco School Board.
d. put a stop to the racist "yellow journalism" being practiced in the United States.
e. restricted Japanese immigration to upper-class gentlemen.



Answer: C

As a result of the Russo-Japanese War,

As a result of the Russo-Japanese War,



a. Japan received a large financial indemnity from Russia.
b. Japan won a territorial concession on Sakhalin Island.
c. U.S. relations with Japan improved.
d. U.S. relations with Russia improved.
e. Russia became a major power in East Asia.




Answer: B

In 1904, the Russo-Japanese War started because

In 1904, the Russo-Japanese War started because



a. Russia was seeking ice-free ports in Chinese Manchuria.
b. the United States refused to force Russia from Sakhalin Island.
c. Russia had forced Japan out of China.
d. Russia feared growing Japanese power in the Pacific.
e. of racial tensions between Russians and Japanese.



Answer: A

The United States' frequent intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries in the early twentieth century

The United States' frequent intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries in the early twentieth century



a. established political stability in the area.
b. was appreciated in the region as an effective cloak of defense against European threats.
c. left a legacy of ill will and distrust of the United States throughout Latin America.
d. departed from Theodore Roosevelt's big-stick diplomacy.
e. was intended to spread democracy to the region.



Answer: C

The Roosevelt Corollary added a new provision to the Monroe Doctrine that was specifically designed to

The Roosevelt Corollary added a new provision to the Monroe Doctrine that was specifically designed to



a. enable the U.S. to rule Puerto Rico and the Canal Zone.
b. stop European colonization in the Western Hemisphere.
c. restore cordial relations between the United States and Latin American countries.
d. establish a friendly partnership with Britain so that it could join the United States in policing Latin American affairs.
e. justify U.S. intervention in the affairs of Latin American countries.



Answer: E

American involvement in the affairs of Latin American nations at the turn of the century usually stemmed from

American involvement in the affairs of Latin American nations at the turn of the century usually stemmed from



a. the need to defend these nations against a reassertion of Spanish power.
b. the hope that involvement would lead to their outright acquisition by the United States.
c. the fact that they were chronically in debt.
d. the desire to control the flow of Latin American immigrants into the United States.
e. a desire to strengthen Latin American democracy.



Answer: C

Theodore Roosevelt defended his building of the Panama Canal by claiming that

Theodore Roosevelt defended his building of the Panama Canal by claiming that




a. other Latin American nations had requested his help.
b. he had received a "mandate from civilization."
c. the canal would strengthen ties with Latin America.
d. Britain would have built the canal had the United States not taken the initiative.
e. it would enhance economic development on the West Coast.



Answer: B

Teddy Roosevelt wanted an isthmian canal constructed quickly because

Teddy Roosevelt wanted an isthmian canal constructed quickly because



a. he feared that the French would build a competing canal.
b. it was essential to deploy a two-ocean navy immediately.
c. he wished to avoid the onset of a yellow fever epidemic.
d. a revolution in Panama was imminent.
e. the presidential election of 1904 was approaching.




Answer: E

The revolution in Panama began when

The revolution in Panama began when



a. the United States invaded the area.
b. Colombian troops invaded the isthmus.
c. the U.S. Congress rejected a treaty for the sale of Panama to Colombia.
d. a Chinese civilian and a donkey were killed.
e. a Colombian officer shot several Panamanian civilians.




Answer: D

Teddy Roosevelt's role in the Panamanian Revolution involved

Teddy Roosevelt's role in the Panamanian Revolution involved



a. using American naval forces to block Colombian troops from crossing the isthmus and crushing the revolt.
b. ordering an economic embargo of Colombia.
c. remaining perfectly neutral.
d. sending in American ground troops.
e. funding the Panamanian rebels.



Answer: A

The Colombian Senate rejected the treaty with the United States for a canal because

The Colombian Senate rejected the treaty with the United States for a canal because




a. a better deal was worked out with the French.
b. it did not want a canal through its territory.
c. it did not like Teddy Roosevelt.
d. it hoped to build the canal itself.
e. the United States was not paying the Colombian government enough money.



Answer: E

Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by

Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by



a. a desire to improve the defense of the United States.
b. the Panamanian Revolution.
c. continued volcanic activity in Nicaragua.
d. the British rejection of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty.
e. American economic interests in Central America.




Answer: A

As president, Teddy Roosevelt proved

As president, Teddy Roosevelt proved



a. a consistently aggressive liberal.
b. progressive but willing to compromise.
c. unable to relate to ordinary citizens.
d. a strong domestic leader but weak in foreign affairs.
e. a good politician but a poor administrator.




Answer: B

Theodore Roosevelt can best be described as

Theodore Roosevelt can best be described as



a. lacking in self-confidence.
b. mentally vigorous but physically frail.
c. highly energetic and egotistical.
d. a loudmouth with few political skills.
e. a reflective intellectual.



Answer: C

The Republicans won the 1900 election mainly because of

The Republicans won the 1900 election mainly because of



a. their support of imperialism.
b. public opposition to a third term as president for Grover Cleveland.
c. their support of freedom abroad.
d. Bryan's lackluster campaign.
e. the prosperity achieved during McKinley's first term.



Answer: E

As a vice-presidential candidate in 1900, Teddy Roosevelt

As a vice-presidential candidate in 1900, Teddy Roosevelt




a. openly advocated a more progressive program than President McKinley.
b. appealed primarily to wealthy easterners.
c. ran a quiet and dignified front-porch campaign.
d. matched William Jennings Bryan's travels in a flamboyant campaign.
e. tried to lure former Populists away from the Democrats.




Answer: D

The extended Open Door policy advocated in Secretary John Hay's second note called on all big powers, including the United States, to

The extended Open Door policy advocated in Secretary John Hay's second note called on all big powers, including the United States, to



a. recognize Philippine independence at an early date.
b. guarantee the independence of Cuba.
c. maintain a balance of power in East Asia.
d. observe the territorial integrity of China.
e. pursue Further investment in China.



Answer: D

Once the Boxer uprising ended,

Once the Boxer uprising ended,



a. China was spared further partition by foreign powers.
b. the Open Door policy was abandoned.
c. the United States became China's most dangerous enemy.
d. China gained more respect from foreign powers.
e. China welcomed foreign economic investment



Answer: A

In response to the Boxer Rebellion, the United States

In response to the Boxer Rebellion, the United States




a. refused to accept any indemnity for the losses that it incurred while putting down this uprising.
b. sent more American missionaries to China.
c. sent money but no troops to help a multinational contingent to crush the uprising.
d. became an East Asian power.
e. abandoned its general principles of nonentanglement and noninvolvement in overseas conflict.



Answer: E

China's Boxer Rebellion was an attempt to

China's Boxer Rebellion was an attempt to




a. overthrow the corrupt Chinese government.
b. establish American power in the Far East.
c. throw out or kill all foreigners.
d. destroy the Open Door policy.
e. restore traditional Chinese religion.



Answer: C

Many Americans became concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in China because they

Many Americans became concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in China because they



a. feared that American missions would be jeopardized and Chinese markets closed to non-Europeans.
b. wanted exclusive trade rights with the Chinese.
c. feared German military domination of China.
d. believed that such intervention undermined Chinese sovereignty.
e. disliked the racial attitudes displayed by the Europeans.




Answer: A

President McKinley's policy of "benevolent assimilation" in the Philippines

President McKinley's policy of "benevolent assimilation" in the Philippines



a. failed to solve serious sanitation and public-health problems.
b. fell short of providing an effective public-school system for the Filipinos.
c. was not appreciated by the Filipinos.
d. worked remarkably well and led to the early granting of the Philippine independence.
e. recognized the value of traditional Filipino culture.



Answer: C

The American war against the Philippine insurrectionists promoting Philippine independence

The American war against the Philippine insurrectionists promoting Philippine independence




a. was won with fewer casualties than the war in Cuba.
b. was remarkable for its avoidance of civilian casualties.
c. resulted in torture and atrocities committed by both sides.
d. waged in accord with traditional American ideals.
e. was highly popular in the United States.





Answer: C

Anti-imperialists presented all of the following arguments against acquiring the Philippine Islands except that

Anti-imperialists presented all of the following arguments against acquiring the Philippine Islands except that



a. it would violate the consent of the governed philosophy of the Declaration of Independence.
b. despotism abroad might lead to despotism at home.
c. the islands were still rightfully Spain's, since they were taken after the armistice had been signed.
d. annexation would propel the United States into the political and military cauldron of the Far East.
e. the Filipinos wanted freedom, not colonial rule.




Answer: C

When the United States captured the Philippines from Spain,

When the United States captured the Philippines from Spain,



a. Hawaii was annexed by the United States as a key territory in the Pacific.
b. America granted the Philippines its independence.
c. Spain immediately asked for an end to the Spanish-American War.
d. Filipinos were granted American citizenship.
e. they did so without Filipino assistance.




Answer: A

The Teller Amendment

The Teller Amendment



a. guaranteed that the United States would uphold the independence of Cuba.
b. made Cuba an American possession.
c. directed President McKinley to order American troops into Cuba.
d. appropriated funds to combat yellow fever in Cuba.
e. granted the U.S. a permanent base at Guantanamo Bay.



Answer: A

The United States declared war on Spain even though the Spanish had already agreed to

The United States declared war on Spain even though the Spanish had already agreed to



a. sign an armistice with the Cuban rebels.
b. accept Cuban independence.
c. transfer Cuba to American possession.
d. apologize for the sinking of the Maine.
e. accept international arbitration of the conflict.




Answer: A

President William McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain mainly because the

President William McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain mainly because the



a. business community favored the conflict.
b. Spanish government had directly insulted him.
c. justice of obtaining Cuban independence was clear.
d. Teller Amendment had been passed.
e. American people demanded it.




Answer: E

The battleship Maine was sunk by

The battleship Maine was sunk by



a. the Spanish.
b. an explosion on the ship.
c. Cuban rebels.
d. reporters working for William Randolph Hearst.
e. a mine planted by pro-Cuban Americans.



Answer: B

The battleship Maine was officially sent to Cuba to

The battleship Maine was officially sent to Cuba to



a. provoke a war with Spain.
b. protect and evacuate American citizens.
c. offer a way for Cuban rebels to escape to Florida.
d. stop rioting by the Cuban rebels.
e. demonstrate American power to Spain.




Answer: B

Americans favored providing aid to the Cuban revolutionaries for all of the following reasons except

Americans favored providing aid to the Cuban revolutionaries for all of the following reasons except




a. popular outrage at the Spanish use of reconcentration camps.
b a belief that Spain's control of Cuba violated the anti-colonial provisions of the Monroe Doctrine.
c. fear that Spanish misrule in Cuba menaced the Gulf of Mexico and the route to the proposed Panama Canal.
d. sympathy for Cuban patriots fighting for their freedom.
e. the atrocity stories reported in the "yellow press."



Answer: B

President Grover Cleveland rejected the effort to annex Hawaii because

President Grover Cleveland rejected the effort to annex Hawaii because



a. he wanted to protect the interests of Louisiana sugar producers.
b. the United States did not have the naval power to protect the islands against Japanese or German threats.
c. he believed that the native Hawaiians had been wronged and that a majority opposed annexation to the United States.
d. passage of the McKinley Tariff made Hawaiian sugar unprofitable.
e. the U.S. would then have to establish military bases in Hawaii.




Answer: C

Before a treaty annexing Hawaii to the United States could be rushed through the U.S. Senate in 1893,

Before a treaty annexing Hawaii to the United States could be rushed through the U.S. Senate in 1893,




a. President Harrison's term expired and anti-imperialist Grover Cleveland became president.
b. war broke out between the United States and Spain.
c. the white American "sugar rebels" decided that Hawaii should remain independent.
d. popular opinion in the United States turned against such colonial ventures.
e. the pro-annexation forces demanded that Hawaii be admitted to the Union as a state.


Answer: A

Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power because

Hawaii's Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power because



a. she did not allow Christian missionaries in her country.
b. many Hawaiians found her rule corrupt.
c. Hawaiian agriculture had failed under her leadership.
d. President Grover Cleveland believed that U.S. national honor required control of the Hawaiian government.
e. she opposed annexation to the United States and insisted that native Hawaiians should continue to control Hawaii.



Answer: E

One reason that the white American "sugar lords" tried to overthrow native Hawaiian rule and annex the islands to the United States was

One reason that the white American "sugar lords" tried to overthrow native Hawaiian rule and annex the islands to the United States was



a. they found the government of Queen Liliuokalani repressive and inefficient.
b. they sought to control American foreign policy in the Pacific.
c. they wanted to convert the native Hawaiians and East Asian immigrants to Christianity.
d. they feared that Japan might intervene in Hawaii on behalf of abused Japanese imported laborers.
e. they intended to force the growing native Hawaiian population to become indentured plantation laborers.



Answer: D

A primary reason that the British submitted their border dispute with Venezuela to arbitration was

A primary reason that the British submitted their border dispute with Venezuela to arbitration was



a. that their growing tensions with Germany made Britain reluctant to engage in conflict with the United States.
b. that they expected the Monroe Doctrine to be ruled invalid in the World Court.
c. to end their costly involvement in South America.
d. to undermine Spain's close relations with the Latin American republics.
e. that they accepted America's complete domination of Latin America.



Answer: A

During the boundary dispute between Venezuela and Britain, the United States

During the boundary dispute between Venezuela and Britain, the United States



a. threatened war unless Britain backed down and accepted Venezuela's claim.
b. failed to invoke the Monroe Doctrine.
c. sought a peaceful negotiated settlement.
d. asserted its strong belief in Latin American independence.
e. was only "twisting the [British] lion's tail" for domestic political effect.



Answer: A

Teddy Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because

Teddy Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because




a. William Howard Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's policies.
b. Taft decided not to run for a second term.
c. he was drafted by the Republican party.
d. Senator Robert La Follette encouraged him to do so.
e. the Democratic party was split.



Answer: A

President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed

President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed



a. big-stick diplomacy.
b. the Open Door policy.
c. the Good Neighbor policy.
d. dollar diplomacy.
e. sphere-of-influence diplomacy.




Answer: D

As president, William Howard Taft

As president, William Howard Taft



a. was a good judge of public opinion.
b. held together the diverse wings of the Republican party.
c. was wedded more to the status quo than to progressive change.
d. adopted a confrontational attitude toward Congress.
e. carried on the legacy of Theodore Roosevelt



Answer: C

During his presidency, Teddy Roosevelt did all of the following except

During his presidency, Teddy Roosevelt did all of the following except



a. expand presidential power.
b. shape the progressive movement.
c. aid the cause of the environment.
d. provide an international perspective.
e. tame capitalism.




Answer: E

While president, Theodore Roosevelt

While president, Theodore Roosevelt



a. greatly increased the power and prestige of the presidency.
b. showed no skill and little interest in working with Congress.
c. was a poor judge of public opinion.
d. was surprisingly unpopular with the public.
e. held rigidly to ideological principles.



Answer: A

Theodore Roosevelt is probably most accurately described as

Theodore Roosevelt is probably most accurately described as



a. an ardent defender of American individualism.
b. a near-socialist.
c. a middle-of-the-road reformer.
d. a champion "trustbuster."
e. a political elitist.



Answer: C

Teddy Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he

Teddy Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he



a. got into a quarrel with his popular secretary of war, William Taft.
b. refused to do anything in response to the "Roosevelt Panic."
c. supported the Federal Reserve Act.
d. began to reduce his trust-busting activity.
e. announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president.




Answer: E

When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the

When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the



a. unsanitary conditions that existed in the meat-packing industry.
b. plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry.
c. corruption in the United States Senate.
d. deplorable conditions in the drug industry.
e. unhealthy effects of beef consumption.



Answer: B

The real purpose of Teddy Roosevelt's assault on trusts was to

The real purpose of Teddy Roosevelt's assault on trusts was to



a. fragment big business.
b. prove that the government, not private business, ruled the country.
c. halt the trend toward combination and integration in business.
d. establish himself as a bigger "trustbuster" than William Howard Taft.
e. inspire confidence in small business owners.



Answer: B

Teddy Roosevelt believed that trusts

Teddy Roosevelt believed that trusts



a. could be destroyed without damage to the American economy.
b. were greedy for power and wealth.
c. were too powerful to be regulated.
d. were here to stay with their efficient means of production.
e. should be balanced by strong labor unions.



Answer: D

The Elkins and Hepburn acts dealt with the subject of

The Elkins and Hepburn acts dealt with the subject of



a. regulation of municipal utilities.
b. the purity of food and drugs.
c. conservation of natural resources.
d. women's working conditions.
e. railroad regulation.




Answer: E

One unusual and significant characteristic of the anthracite coal strike in 1902 was that

One unusual and significant characteristic of the anthracite coal strike in 1902 was that



a. the coal miners' union was officially recognized as the legal bargaining agent of the miners.
b. for a time the mines were seized by the national government and operated by federal troops.
c. the national government did not automatically side with the owners in the dispute.
d. the owners quickly agreed to negotiate with labor representatives in order to settle their differences peacefully.
e. it generated widespread middle-class support.




Answer: C

Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by

Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by




a. using the military to force the miners back to work.
b. passing legislation making the miners' union illegal.
c. helping the mine owners to import strike-breakers.
d. appealing to mine owners' and workers' sense of the public interest.
e. threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops.



Answer: E

The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government

The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government




a. brought democracy to urban dwellers.
b. was developed in Wisconsin.
c. was designed to remove politics from municipal administration.
d. made giant strides under the leadership of Hiram Johnson.
e. opened urban politics to new immigrants.


Answer: C

The case of Lochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because the Supreme Court in its ruling

The case of Lochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because the Supreme Court in its ruling




a. declared a law limiting work to ten hours a day unconstitutional.
b. declared unconstitutional a law providing special protection for women workers.
c. declared that prohibiting child labor would require a constitutional amendment.
d. upheld the constitutionality of a law enabling business to fire labor organizers.
e. ruled that fire and safety regulations were local and not state or federal concerns.



Answer: A

The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist tire led many states to pass

The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist tire led many states to pass



a. mandatory fire escape plans for all businesses employing more than ten people.
b. safety regulations and workmen's compensation laws for job injuries.
c. restrictions on female employment in the clothing industry.
d. zoning regulations governing where factories could be located.
e. laws guaranteeing unions the right to raise safety concerns.




Answer: C

In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that

In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that



a. child labor under the age of fourteen should be prohibited.
b. the federal government should regulate occupational safety and health.
c. factory labor should be limited to ten hours a day five days a week.
d. female workers should receive equal pay for equal work.
e. female workers required special rules and protection on the job.




Answer: E

Which of the following was not among the issues addressed by women in the progressive movement?

Which of the following was not among the issues addressed by women in the progressive movement?




a. ending special regulations governing women in the workplace
b. preventing child labor in factories and sweatshops
c. insuring that food products were healthy and safe
d. attacking tuberculosis and other diseases bred in slum tenements
e. creating pensions for mothers with dependent children




Answer: A

The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they

The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they




a. provided literary and philosophical perspectives on social questions.
b. broke down the idea that women had special concerns as wives and mothers.
c. introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns.
d. helped slum children learn to read Dante and Shakespeare.
e. became the launching pads for women seeking political office.



Answer: C

All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except

All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except




a. the direct election of senators.
b. prohibition.
c. women's suffrage.
d. ending prostitution and "white slavery."
e. abolishing special workplace protections for women.




Answer: E

Political progressivism

Political progressivism




a. made little difference in American life.
b. died out shortly after Teddy Roosevelt stepped down as president.
c. emerged in both major parties, in all regions, at all levels of government.
d. was more a minority movement than a majority mood.
e. began in Northeastern big cities.




Answer: C

The muckrakers signified much about the nature of the progressive reform movement because they

The muckrakers signified much about the nature of the progressive reform movement because they



a. counted on drastic political change to fight social wrongs.
b. thrived on publicity rather than social change.
c. believed that the cure for the ills of American democracy lay in less democracy and more government control.
d. sought not to overthrow capitalism but to cleanse it with democratic controls.
e. refused to look beyond middle-class concerns.




Answer: D

Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled "The Shame of the Cities,"

Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled "The Shame of the Cities,"



a. attacked the United States Senate.
b. exposed the deplorable condition of blacks in urban areas.
c. laid bare the practices of the stock market.
d. uncovered official collusion in prostitution and "white slavery."
e. unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government.


Answer: E

Match each early-twentieth-century muckraker below with the target of his or her exposé.

Match each early-twentieth-century muckraker below with the target of his or her exposé.



A. David G. Phillips 1. The United States Senate
B. Ida Tarbell 2. The Standard Oil Company
C. Lincoln Steffens 3. City governments
D. Ray Stannard Baker 4. The condition of blacks


a. A-1. B-2, C-3, D-4
b. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
c. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
d. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
e. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3



Answer: A

Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of

Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of



a. the need to assert female power against male oppression.
b. America's need to catch up with more progressive European nations.
c. women's inherent rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
d. the harsh treatment of working women by employers.
e. their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.




Answer: E

Progressivism

Progressivism



a. was closely tied to the feminist movement and women's causes.
b. offered little to the growing women's movement.
c. supported better treatment of women but not women's suffrage.
d. followed examples set by women's reform movements in Europe.
e. reflected the views of working-class women.




Answer: A

Match each late-nineteenth-century social critic below with the target of his criticism.

Match each late-nineteenth-century social critic below with the target of his criticism.



A. Thorstein Veblen 1. "bloated trusts"
B. Jack London 2. slum conditions
C. Jacob Riis 3. "conspicuous consumption"
D. Henry Demarest Lloyd 4. destruction of nature


a. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
b. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
c. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
d. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
e. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3




Answer: C

The political roots of the progressive movement lay in the

The political roots of the progressive movement lay in the



a. the Federalists.
b. the Greenback Labor party and the Populists.
c. the German Social Democratic Party.
d. the pre-Civil War antislavery movement.
e. social Darwinists.




Answer: B

The "real heart" of the progressive movement was the effort by reformers to

The "real heart" of the progressive movement was the effort by reformers to



a. preserve world peace.
b. use the government as an agency of human welfare.
c. ensure the Jeffersonian style of government.
d. get the government off the backs of the people.
e. promote economic and social equality.




Answer: B

During Andrew Mellon's long tenure as secretary of the treasury, his policies

During Andrew Mellon's long tenure as secretary of the treasury, his policies 



a. raised taxes
b. lowered the national debt
c. provided substantial government regulation of the stock market
d. discouraged capital investment
e. helped equalize personal incomes




Answer: B

The trial of John Scopes in 1925 centered on the issue of

The trial of John Scopes in 1925 centered on the issue of 




a. progressive education
b. schools' efforts to create socially useful adults
c. teachers' membership in the Ku Klux Klan
d. teaching evolution in public schools
e. prayer in the public schools



Answer: D

The first Polish immigrants to come to America arrived

The first Polish immigrants to come to America arrived 




a. in the late 19th century
b. during the Revolutionary War
c. during the Great Depression
d. at Jamestown in 1608
e. as Civil War volunteers




Answer: D

Buying stock "on margin" meant

Buying stock "on margin" meant



a. purchasing only a few shares.
b. purchasing inexpensive stock.
c. purchasing little-known stock.
d. purchasing risky stock.
e. purchasing it with a small down payment.



Answer: E

Match each literary figure below with the correct work.

Match each literary figure below with the correct work. 

A. Ernest Hemingway
B. F. Scott Fitzgerald
C. Sinclair Lewis
D. William Faulkner

1. The Sun Also Rises
2. Main Street
3. The Sound and the Fury
4. The Great Gatsby


a. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
b. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
c. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
d. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
e. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2




Answer: D

Marcus Garvey, founder of the United Negro Improvement Association, is known for all of the following except

Marcus Garvey, founder of the United Negro Improvement Association, is known for all of the following except



a. promoting the resettlement of American blacks in Africa.
b. establishing the idea of the talented tenth to lead African Americans.
c. cultivating feelings of self-confidence and self-reliance among blacks.
d. being sent to prison after a conviction for fraud.
e. promoting black-owned businesses.





Answer: B

Jazz music was developed by

Jazz music was developed by




a. Latinos.
b. Caribbean immigrants.
c. Caucasian impresarios.
d. American teenagers.
e. American blacks.





Answer: E

To justify their new sexual frankness, many Americans pointed to

To justify their new sexual frankness, many Americans pointed to


a. increased consumption of alcohol.
b. the decline of fundamentalism.
c. the rise of the women's movement.
d. the theories of Sigmund Freud.
e. the influence of erotically explicit movies.




Answer: D

Job opportunities for women in the 1920s

Job opportunities for women in the 1920s




a. expanded dramatically.
b. offered higher-paying positions than before.
c. were plentiful in Hollywood and radio.
d. existed mainly in the area of education.
e. tended to cluster in a few low-paying fields.



Answer: E

Margaret Sanger was most noted for her advocacy of

Margaret Sanger was most noted for her advocacy of



a. abortion rights.
b. women's suffrage.
c. birth control.
d. free love.
e. the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).




Answer: C

The 1920 census revealed that for the first time most

The 1920 census revealed that for the first time most



a. men worked in manufacturing.
b. adult women were employed outside the home.
c. Americans lived in cities.
d. Americans lived in the trans-Mississippi West.
e. families had fewer than four children.





Answer: C
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