As secretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover considered himself

As secretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover considered himself

A. a champion of business cooperation
B. a believer in passive government
C. a paragon of conservative America
D. an internationalist in the tradition of Woodrow Wilson
E. an enemy of wealth and privilege

Answer: A

Throughout the 1920s, the federal government

Throughout the 1920s, the federal government

A. isolated itself from the business community
B. supported the rights of workers to organize in unions
C. experienced a decrease in his budget yet an increase in the debt
D. saw leaders of business take prominent positions in the federal governments
E. saw an increase in the budget and the national debt

Answer: D

Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge were similar in

Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge were similar in 

A. their passive approach to presidency
B. ethics
C. their personalities
D. both their personalities and the passive approach in the presidency
E. None of the above

Answer: A

As president, Warren G. Harding

As president, Warren G. Harding

A. never abandoned the party hacks who had brought him to success
B. sought a revival of progressive reform
C. proposed the U.S. join the League of Nations
D. saw his administration end with defeat for reelection in 1924
E. had no sense of his own intellectual limits

Answer: A

All of the following statements regarding Al Smith are true EXCEPT

All of the following statements regarding Al Smith are true EXCEPT

A. he was a progressive Democratic governor
B. he was supported by Tammany Hall
C. he lost the 1924 election to William McAdoo
D. saw his administration end with defeat for reelection in 1924
E. he won the 1928 Democratic nomination

Answer: C

As a result of the Scopes Trial of 1925,

As a result of the Scopes Trial of 1925,

A. John Scopes was found innocent
B. fundamentalists reduced their participation in political activism
C. the conflict fundamentalists and modernists subsided
D. anti-evolution were repealed in most other states
E. William Jennings Bryan decided to run for president one more time

Answer: B

During the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan

During the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan

A. was largely centered in the South
B. was focused on intimidating African Americans
C. opposing the existing diversity of American society
D. officially renounced the use of violence
E. was a male-only organization

Answer: C

During the 1920s, the greatest sustained support for the 18th Amendment came from

During the 1920s, the greatest sustained support for the 18th Amendment came from

A. middle-class progressives
B. rural Protestants
C. urban workers
D. immigrants
E. Catholics

Answer: B

In the 1920s, the "noble experiment" referred to

In the 1920s, the "noble experiment" referred to

A. the equal rights amendment for women
B. laws to restrict child labor
C. political isolationism
D. female suffrage
E. the prohibition of alcohol

Answer: E

In the 1925 novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald

In the 1925 novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald

A. glorified wealthy Americans as examples of the "success ethic"
B. ridiculed the hypocritical behavior of some in evangelical religion
C. satirized the inequalities in American politics
D. criticized the American obsession with material wealth
E. dramatized the plight of midwestern farmers

Answer: D

The Sheppard-Tower Act of 1921

The Sheppard-Tower Act of 1921

A. promoted the establishment of daycare centers for the children of working women
B. provided federal funds for child health-care programs
C. was criticized for promotion of birth control
D. was promoted by the American Medical Association
E. was promoted by the National Women's Party

Answer: B

In the 1920s, the "flapper" lifestyle

In the 1920s, the "flapper" lifestyle

A. had a particular impact on lower middle-class and single women
B. was largely reserved for upper-class women
C. was largely rejected by upper-class women
D. was simply a clothing fad
E. was applauded by most progressive suffragists

Answer: A

In the 1920s, a growing interest in birth control among middle-class women resulted from

In the 1920s, a growing interest in birth control among middle-class women resulted from

A. the desire to delay childbirth to pursue a career outside of the home
B. the attitude that sexual activity should not be for procreation only
C. the desire to maintain a rigid, Victorian female "respectability"
D. both the desire to delay childbirth to pursue a career outside of the home, and the attitude that sexual activity should not be for procreation only
E. All of the above

Answer: B

In the 1920, the first commercial radio station to broadcast in the U.S. was in

In the 1920, the first commercial radio station to broadcast in the U.S. was in

A. Cleveland
B. New York City
C. Philidelphia
D. Pittsburgh
E. Chicago

Answer: D

In the 1920s, the idea of agricultural "party" was

In the 1920s, the idea of agricultural "party" was

A. to match crop production with demand
B. to ensure farmers would at least financially break even
C. strongly opposed by Congress
D. to equalize the average farmer income with the average industrial worker income
E. invalidated by the passage of the McNary-Haugen Bill

Answer: B

During the 1920s, all of the following immigrant groups were increasing their presence in the labor force in the West and Southwest EXCEPT the

During the 1920s, all of the following immigrant groups were increasing their presence in the labor force in the West and Southwest EXCEPT the 

A. Filipinos
B. Chinese
C. Japanese
D. Mexicans
E. Issei

Answer: B

In the workplace, the "open shop" meant

In the workplace, the "open shop" meant 

A. no worker was required to join a union
B. skilled workers were required to join a craft union
C. labor unions had the right to organize that particular industry
D. workers had no right to join a union
E. workers would be allowed to come and go as they pleased

Answer: A

During the 1920s, when $1,800 was considered the minimum annual income for a decent standard of living, the average annual income of a worker was approximately,

During the 1920s, when $1,800 was considered the minimum annual income for a decent standard of living, the average annual income of a worker was approximately,

A. $700
B. $1,100
C. $1,500
D. $1,900
E. $2,400

Answer: C

In the 1920s, "welfare capitalism"

In the 1920s, "welfare capitalism"

A. encouraged employees to form single-industry labor unions
B. was a paternalistic approach used by corporate leaders on their workers
C. gave workers a measure of control over their industry
D. required corporations to provide some relief for unemployed
E. forced workers to donate much of their salaries to the less fortunate

Answer: B

During the 1920s, a great worry for industrialists was the fear of

During the 1920s, a great worry for industrialists was the fear of 

A. the overproduction of goods
B. a shortage in the number of skilled workers
C. the rising bargaining power of labor unions
D. a shortage of consumer credit
E. inflation

Answer: A

During the 1920s, Thomas Hunt Morgan was one of the American pioneers in

During the 1920s, Thomas Hunt Morgan was one of the American pioneers in

A. analog computers
B. genetic research
C. automation
D. robotics
E. relativistic physics

Answer: B

During the 1920s, airplanes

During the 1920s, airplanes 

A. experienced a great increase in commercial travel
B. had no practical use
C. were used almost exclusively for military purposes
D. saw the development of the first experimental jet engines
E. were largely a source of entertainment

Answer: E

Throughout the 1920s, the performance of the U.S. economyThroughout the 1920s, the performance of the U.S. economy

Throughout the 1920s, the performance of the U.S. economy

A. saw ten straight years of continuous growth
B. struggled with a persistent high rate of inflation
C. saw per capita income flatten while manufacturing output soared
D. saw nearly uninterrupted prosperity coupled with severe inequalities
E. experienced a severe recession in 1923

Answer: D

In 1974, Richard Nixon left the presidency after he

In 1974, Richard Nixon left the presidency after he

A. was impeached.
B. resigned.
C. was convicted of obstructing justice.
D. was arrested.
E. lost a special election by huge margins.

Answer: B

In 1973, Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned his office because of

In 1973, Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned his office because of

A. his involvement in the Watergate break-in.
B. his involvement in the Watergate cover-up.
C. his refusal to testify against Richard Nixon.
D. his involvement in both the Watergate break-in and the Watergate cover-up.
E. None of these answers is correct.

Answer: E

The key evidence in the determination of President Richard Nixon's guilt or innocence in the Watergate scandal were

The key evidence in the determination of President Richard Nixon's guilt or innocence in the Watergate scandal  were

A. audio tape recordings made of most conversations in the Oval Office.
B. eyewitness testimony from Nixon confidants in the White House.
C. phone records kept by Nixon's personal secretary.
D. Nixon's personal diaries.
E. journals kept by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.

Answer: A

In 1973, allegations of misconduct by Richard Nixon were made by presidential advisor

In 1973, allegations of misconduct by Richard Nixon were made by presidential advisor

A. John Dean.
B. John Mitchell.
C. H. R. Haldeman.
D. Spiro Agnew.
E. John Ehrlichman.

Answer: A

In 1972, the Watergate scandal began with a break-in at the

In 1972, the Watergate scandal began with a break-in at the

A. Washington Post newspaper building.
B. headquarters of the George McGovern campaign.
C. House of Representatives.
D. office of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist.
E. offices of the Democratic National Committee.

Answer: E

In 1971, President Richard Nixon responded to mounting economic problems by

In 1971, President Richard Nixon responded to mounting economic problems by

A. lowering interest rates to spur consumption.
B. lowering corporate taxes to spur investment.
C. sharply reducing the rate of inflation.
D. expanding the money supply.
E. imposing a freeze on all wages and prices

Answer: E

In the 1972 presidential election,

In the 1972 presidential election,

A. Richard Nixon carried every state but one.
B. George McGovern only carried his home state and the District of Columbia.
C. Richard Nixon won over 70% of the popular vote.
D. both occurred: Richard Nixon carried every state but one; and Nixon also won over 70% of the popular vote.
E. All these answers are correct.

Answer: A

The Supreme Court case Bakke v. Board of Regents of California (1978)

The Supreme Court case Bakke v. Board of Regents of California (1978)

A. limited the ability of defendants to appeal state convictions.
B. stopped a plan to transfer students across district lines to achieve racial integration.
C. ruled in favor of using forced busing to achieve racial balance in schools.
D. upheld the principle of affirmative action, with restrictions.
E. argued that limits on campaign funding violated the right to free speech.

Answer: D

The Supreme Court ruling in the case of Furman v. Georgia (1972)

The Supreme Court ruling in the case of Furman v. Georgia (1972)

A. overturned existing capital punishment statutes.
B. was upheld in the case of Gregg v. Georgia (1976.)
C. redefined the appeals process in death penalty convictions.
D. ruled that execution by hanging was unconstitutional.
E. favored the use of forced busing to achieve racial balance in schools

Answer: A

In 1969, President Richard Nixon's appointments to the Supreme Court

In 1969, President Richard Nixon's appointments to the Supreme Court

A. were twice rejected by the Senate.
B. included the first nomination of a female justice.
C. culminated in the successful appointment of G. Harrold Carswell to the Court.
D. both included the first nomination of a female justice, and were twice rejected by the Senate.
E. All these answers are correct.

Answer: A

The Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

The Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

A. limited the appeals process for state convictions.
B. established new guidelines for capital punishment cases.
C. ruled that all felony defendants were entitled to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.
D. ruled that a defendant must have access to a lawyer before being questioned by police.
E. sharply limited government curbs on pornography.

Answer: C

President Richard Nixon's proposed Family Assistance Plan included

President Richard Nixon's proposed Family Assistance Plan included

A. a maximum six-year participation in the federal welfare system.
B. federal support for parental leave following the birth of a child.
C. free medical care to all Americans over the age of seventy.
D. a guaranteed annual income for all Americans.
E. a program to replace Social Security with private retirement vouchers.

Answer: D

The Yom Kippur War of 1973

The Yom Kippur War of 1973

A. saw the United States play no direct role in the outcome.
B. saw an American ally face a surprise attack.
C. saw the United States support efforts to oust Palestinians from their homes.
D. was a military victory for Palestinian Arabs.
E. saw Jordanian and Lebanese forces heavily involved in the fighting.

Answer: B

In practice, the Nixon Doctrine led the United States to increase its support of

In practice, the Nixon Doctrine led the United States to increase its support of

A. development in the Third World.
B. authoritarian regimes.
C. the activities of the United Nations.
D. democratic movements around the globe.
E. European colonialism.

Answer: B

In the 1970s, the Nixon administration believed the world's most volatile region to be

In the 1970s, the Nixon administration believed the world's most volatile region to be

A. the Middle East.
B. eastern Europe.
C. the so-called Third World.
D. China.
E. sub-Saharan Africa.

Answer: C

In 1972, President Richard Nixon's visit to China

In 1972, President Richard Nixon's visit to China

A. was designed to bring the United States closer to Chiang Kai-shek.
B. was opposed by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
C. moved the United States into a deeper conflict with the Soviet Union.
D. came after Taiwan was expelled from the United Nations.
E. aroused deep animosity from the majority of Chinese communists.

Answer: D

As a result of the Vietnam War,

As a result of the Vietnam War,

A. Vietnam became one of the world's poorest nations.
B. more than 1.2 million Vietnamese soldiers died.
C. the United States suffered more than 350,000 killed and wounded.
D. the United States suffered a considerable blow to its confidence and self-esteem.
E. All these answers are correct

Answer: E

In 1972, the United States' "Christmas bombing" of North Vietnam

In 1972, the United States' "Christmas bombing" of North Vietnam

A. saw the United States suffer, by far, its greatest loss of bombers in the war.
B. resulted in a collapse of the peace talks.
C. dramatically altered the terms of the final peace agreement.
D. later drew an apology from President Richard Nixon.
E. avoided Hanoi for the sake of continuing peace talks.

Answer: A

After the 1972 election, President Richard Nixon, to prompt a peace settlement with North Vietnam,

After the 1972 election, President Richard Nixon, to prompt a peace settlement with North Vietnam,

A. allowed the opening of North Vietnamese harbors.
B. withdrew American forces as North Vietnamese troops left from the South.
C. ordered an increase in the aerial bombing of North Vietnam.
D. broke off diplomatic negotiations with North Vietnam.
E. evacuated the American embassy in Saigon.

Answer: C

The killing of South Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers in the village of My Lai

The killing of South Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers in the village of My Lai

A. was not learned about until years after the war had ended.
B. did not result in any convictions of the Americans who took part.
C. attracted little public attention in the wake of the Cambodian invasion and the Pentagon Papers.
D. All these answers are correct.
E. None of these answers is correct.

Answer: E

In April 1970, the antiwar movement was recharged by

In April 1970, the antiwar movement was recharged by

A. the invasion by the United States of Cambodia.
B. shooting deaths of students at Kent State.
C. revelations regarding the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
D. the newspaper publication of the My Lai massacre.
E. the publication of the Pentagon Papers.

Answer: A

The intent of President Richard Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy was to

The intent of President Richard Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy was to

A. expand the war effort to all parts of Vietnam.
B. have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting.
C. declare an immediate end to the conflict.
D. expand the war effort to all parts of Indochina.
E. concentrate American military power on destroying the NLF.

Answer: B

The Environmental Protection Agency was created

The Environmental Protection Agency was created

A. in 1963 by John F. Kennedy.
B. in 1966 by Lyndon Johnson.
C. in 1970 by Richard Nixon.
D. in 1974 by Gerald Ford.
E. in 1977 by Jimmy Carter.

Answer: C

Rachel Carson's 1962 book, Silent Spring helped launch the modern environmental movement by focusing on the problems concerning

Rachel Carson's 1962 book, Silent Spring helped launch the modern environmental movement by focusing on the problems concerning

A. nuclear energy.
B. pesticides.
C. pollution in the oceans.
D. the destruction of forests.
E. global warming.

Answer: B

The Supreme Court decision of Roe v. Wade (1973)

The Supreme Court decision of Roe v. Wade (1973)

A. made abortion legal for the first time in the history of the United States.
B. enabled women to obtain an abortion during any point of a pregnancy.
C. initially applied only to pregnancies resulting from rape or abuse.
D. invalidated all laws prohibiting abortion during the second trimester.
E. was based on a new legal interpretation of privacy rights.

Answer: E

Sandra Day O'Connor, the first female Supreme Court justice, was named to the court by

Sandra Day O'Connor, the first female Supreme Court justice, was named to the court by

A. Jimmy Carter.
B. Ronald Reagan.
C. George Bush.
D. Bill Clinton.
E. George W. Bush.

Answer: D

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

A. gave women equal pay for equal work.
B. led to the creation of the National Organization of Women.
C. resulted in the creation of the President's Commission on the Status of Women.
D. was amended for the benefit of women.
E. made no mention of gender discrimination in its final form.

Answer: D

Betty Friedan's 1963 book, The Feminine Mystique,

Betty Friedan's 1963 book, The Feminine Mystique,

A. described why women had found success and satisfaction in postwar America.
B. detailed the many problems confronting single mothers.
C. argued against women placing children in front of their careers.
D. encouraged women to remain single in order to maintain their independence.
E. gave a voice to a reemerging women's rights movement.

Answer: E

The 1969 "Stonewall Riot" is to be associated with the civil rights movement for

The 1969 "Stonewall Riot" is to be associated with the civil rights movement for

A. women.
B. homosexuals.
C. African Americans.
D. Hispanic Americans.
E. Native Americans.

Answer: B

Between 1960 and 1970, the Latino population of the United States

Between 1960 and 1970, the Latino population of the United States

A. rose twenty-five percent.
B. rose fifty percent.
C. doubled.
D. tripled.
E. sextupled.

Answer: D

Founded in 1968, the American Indian Movement (AIM)

Founded in 1968, the American Indian Movement (AIM)

A. drew all of its support from tribal reservations.
B. disbanded after the passage of the Indian Civil Rights Act.
C. focused on militant action.
D. vehemently opposed the idea of intertribal action.
E. emphasized assimilation into larger American society.

Answer: C

The 1961 Declaration of Indian Purpose called for

The 1961 Declaration of Indian Purpose called for

A. a reassessment of current assimilation practices.
B. "affirmative action" for Native Americans.
C. the removal of whites from Indian reservations.
D. a complete separation from the society of the United States.
E. the preservation of Indian heritage.

Answer: E

In the 1950s, the federal "termination" policy as applied to American Indians sought to

In the 1950s, the federal "termination" policy as applied to American Indians sought to

A. end their cultural distinctiveness.
B. keep American Indians largely confined to rural areas.
C. enforce the tribal reservation system.
D. break up militant tribes.
E. restore tribal autonomy

Answer: A

In the 1960s, the area of popular culture most strongly embraced by the counterculture was in

In the 1960s, the area of popular culture most strongly embraced by the counterculture was in

A. television.
B. music.
C. movies.
D. literature.
E. sports.

Answer: B

Throughout the late 1960s,

Throughout the late 1960s,

A. deferments for the military draft increased.
B. opposition in the United States to the Vietnam War intensified.
C. less than a hundred Americans chose to evade conscription by leaving the country.
D. both deferments for the military draft increased, and opposition in the United States to the Vietnam War  intensified.
E. None of these answers is correct

Answer: B

In 1964, a dispute broke out at the University of California at Berkeley over

In 1964, a dispute broke out at the University of California at Berkeley over

A. the cost of tuition and student housing.
B. the military draft.
C. the rights of students to engage in free speech.
D. corporate influence on the university's military research projects.
E. the question of graduate student unionization.

Answer: C

In the 1960s and 1970s, the agenda of the political Left included

In the 1960s and 1970s, the agenda of the political Left included

A. bringing an end to the Vietnam War.
B. transforming the nation's political order.
C. defining and asserting personal freedoms.
D. pursuing racial and economic justice.
E. All these answers are correct.

Answer: E

The 1968 presidential election results

The 1968 presidential election results

A. were extremely close
B. saw Hubert Humphrey win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote
C. saw George Wallace carry the entire South
D. All these answers are correct
E. None of these answers is correct

Answer: A

In 1968, George Wallace ran for president

In 1968, George Wallace ran for president

A. based on a variety of conservative grievances
B. as a critic of the war in Vietnam
C, as a Democrat
D. until he was wounded in an assassination attempt
E. to draw attention to his opposition to segregation

Answer: A

The assassin of Robert Kennedy had been angered by Kennedy's

The assassin of Robert Kennedy had been angered by Kennedy's 

A. association with the civil rights movement
B. statements in favor of Israel
C. attacks on corruption in organized labor
D. criticism of the nation's wealthy elite
E. opposition to the war in Vietnam

Answer: B

The 1968 Tet offensive

The 1968 Tet offensive

A. was a major political defeat for President Lyndon Johnson
B. was a substantial military victory for the United States
C. permanently depleted the ranks of the NLF
D. both was a major political defeat for president Lyndon Johnson, and was a substantial military victory for the United States
E. All these answers are correct

Answer: E

In 1967, President Lyndon Johnson responded to mounting inflation at home by

In 1967, President Lyndon Johnson responded to mounting inflation at home by

A. raising the Federal Reserve interest rate
B. agreeing to large funding reductions in Great Society programs
C.reducing the American troops in Vietnam
D. calling for a tax reduction
E. reinstalling the the wartime wage and the price controls of the Truman administration

Answer: B

In Vietnam, the American "pacification" strategy

In Vietnam, the American "pacification" strategy

A. called for a peaceful settlement with the North Vietnamese
B. eliminated the Viet Cong's ability to attack American patrols
C. was successful in the South, but not in the North
D. was replaced by the more heavy-handed "relocation" strategy
E. included giving Vietnamese villages significant economic aid

Answer: D

In Vietnam, the American military "attrition" strategy

In Vietnam, the American military "attrition" strategy

A. prevented North Vietnam from sufficiently resupplying their soldiers
B. led the United States to abandon its air bombardment campaign
C. eventually broke the resolve of North Vietnam
D. All these answers are correct
E. None of these answers is correct

Answer: E

In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson responded to an attack on Pleiku by

In 1965, President Lyndon Johnson responded to an attack on Pleiku by

A. sending 250,000 American troops to Vietnam
B. warning China and the Soviet Union to to be involved wit Vietnam
C. organizing the Tet Offensive
D. mining the harbor of Haiphong
E. bombing North Vietnam

Answer: E

The 1964 Gulf off Tonkin Resolution was in response to

The 1964 Gulf off Tonkin Resolution was in response to 

A. alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on American destroyers
B. a Vietminh attack on an American-occupied air base in South Vietnam
C. mortar attacks on the American embassy in Saigon
D. the decision by North Vietnam to arm its allies in the South
E. the so-called "Tet Offensive" by North Vietnamese soldiers

Answer: A

In 1963, the overthrow of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dihn Diem

In 1963, the overthrow of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dihn Diem

A. resulted in Diem's imprisonment and eventual exile
B. was carried out by Soviet KGB operatives
C. brought short-term
D. was carried out by the National Liberation Front
E. was supported by the Kennedy administration

Answer: E

In 1956, the United States' interest in South Vietnam

In 1956, the United States' interest in South Vietnam

A. was nearly nonexistent
B. was mainly to replace the corrupt Ngo Dinh Diem government
C. had made the country a recipient of large amounts of American aid
D. was purely commercial
E. was predicated on Diem agreeing to hold free-and-open elections

Answer: C

Under the terms of the 1954 Geneva Conference accords, Vietnam was

Under the terms of the 1954 Geneva Conference accords, Vietnam was

A. permanently divided into two parts
B. to hold elections in 1956
C. to receive military aid from the United States
D. to be controlled by France
E. to unify with nearby Laos and Cambodia

Answer: B

In 1961, President Lyndon Johnson's first major foreign policy test came during a crisis in

In 1961, President Lyndon Johnson's first major foreign policy test came during a crisis in 

A. Singapore
B. the Middle East
C. the Dominican Republic
D. Brazil
E. Laos

Answer: C

The Cuban missile crisis ended after President John Kennedy agreed to

The Cuban missile crisis ended after President John Kennedy agreed to 

A. remove American missiles from West Germany
B. restore diplomatic ties with Cuba
C. provide economic aid to Cuba
D. not invade Cuba
E. withdraw American troops from West Berlin

Answer: D

The 1961 Vienna summit between the United States and the Soviet Union

The 1961 Vienna summit between the United States and the Soviet Union

A. was canceled in the aftermath of the Bay of Pigs
B. saw Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev make a veiled threat of war
C. saw President John Kennedy agree not to invade Cuba
D. saw President Kennedy criticize the construction of the Berlin Wall
E. saw both the United States and the Soviet Union sign a nuclear test ban treaty

Answer: B

All of the following actions were initiated by President John Kennedy EXCEPT

All of the following actions were initiated by President John Kennedy EXCEPT

A. an expansion of the Green Berets
B. the creation of the "Alliance for Progress"
C. the CIA plan to overthrow Fidel Castro
D. the creation of the Peace Corps
E. the creation of the Agency for International Development

Answer: C

In 1965, Malcolm X

In 1965, Malcolm X

A. denounced the Black Panthers
B. was assassinated by white racists
C. advocated nonviolence to end segregation
D. belonged to the Nation of Islam for a time
E. argued in favor of integration

Answer: D

In the summer of 1967, racial conflicts in the United States

In the summer of 1967, racial conflicts in the United States

A. resulted in more than one hundred major disorders
B. saw forty-three people die in a riot in Chicago
C. went ignored by the Johnson administration
D. All these answers are correct
E. None of these answers is correct

Answer: E

The Civil Rights Act of 1965 primarily focused on the issue of

The Civil Rights Act of 1965 primarily focused on the issue of 

A. desegregation of public accommodation
B. voting rights
C. fair employment practices
D. housing discrimination
E. violence directed against civil rights workers

Answer: B

The 1964 murder of civil rights activists Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, and James Chaney

The 1964 murder of civil rights activists Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, and James Chaney

A. implicated local law enforcement officials in the crime
B. took place in Montgomery, Alabama
C. prompted Congress to pass legislation to end segregation in public accommodations
D. never resulted in anyone being convicted for the crimes
E. led to the formation of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Answer: A

Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech

Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech

A. was given during the largest civil rights demonstration in the nation's history to that point
B. was made shortly after Lyndon Johnson become president
C. saw King call for a significant shift to tactics in the quest of civil rights
D. was made before a join session of Congress and the Senate
E. was given to commemorate passage of the Voting Rights Act

Answer: A

In 1961, the "freedom rides" sponsored by CORE attempted to

In 1961, the "freedom rides" sponsored by CORE attempted to 

A. bring northern civil rights activists into South to register black voter
B. transport black children to formerly all-white schools
C. force the desegregation of bus stations
D. help move poor blacks out of the South
E. transport black workers to white-only businesses

Answer: C

In February 1960, the first "sit-in" demonstration protesting segregation was held at aj

In February 1960, the first "sit-in" demonstration protesting segregation was held at aj

A. church
B. swimming pool
C. movie theater
D. lunch counter
E. bus station

Answer: D

The Immigration Act of 1965

The Immigration Act of 1965

A. ended the strict limits on the total number of immigrants to be admitted each year
B. allowed people from all parts of Latin America to enter the United States on an equal basis
C. had little impact on the character of the American population
D. maintained strict restriction against immigrants from Africa
E. eliminated rules which gave preference to immigrants from northern Europe

Answer: E

The Housing Act of 1961 provided federal funds for all of the following EXCEPT

The Housing Act of 1961 provided federal funds for all of the following EXCEPT

A. construction of low-income public housing
B. preservation of open space in cities
C. development of mass-transit systems
D. subsidization of middle-income housing
E. the revitalization of decaying cities

Answer: A

Only weeks after taking office, President Lyndon Johnson declared a "war" on

Only weeks after taking office, President Lyndon Johnson declared a "war" on

A. racism
B. crime
C. intolerance
D. illiteracy
E. poverty

Answer: E

The 1964 election saw

The 1964 election saw

A. Lyndon Johnson distance himself from the memory of John Kennedy
B. Lyndon Johnson win a decisive victory over Richard Nixon
C. Republicans gain control of the Senate, but not the House
D. Lyndon Johnson receive a larger plurality than any candidate before or since
E. Lyndon Johnson carry the entire South

Answer: D

The Warren Commission investigation of the assassination of President John Kennedy concluded

The Warren Commission investigation of the assassination of President John Kennedy concluded

A. Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of Kennedy
B. Jack Ruby killed Oswald on the orders of an unknown third party
C. An unknown second gunman shot from a "grassy knoll" behind the motorcade
D. both that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of Kennedy, and that Jack Ruby killed Oswald on the orders of an unknown third party
E. None of these answers is correct

Answer: A

In 1961, President John Kennedy saw most of his legislative success in the area of

In 1961, President John Kennedy saw most of his legislative success in the area of 

A. civil rights
B. tariff reductions
C.improved Soviet-American relation
D. tax increases
E. social spending

Answer: B

One of the chief obstacles in John Kennedy's presidential bid in 1960 was his

One of the chief obstacles in John Kennedy's presidential bid in 1960 was his

A. religion
B. public image
C. wealth
D. womanizing
E. lack of resources

Answer: A

In his farewell address to the nation, President Dwight Eisenhower warned against the dangers of

In his farewell address to the nation, President Dwight Eisenhower warned against the dangers of

A. global nuclear war.
B. excessive consumer materialism.
C. "brinkmanship" diplomacy.
D. "the military-industrial complex."
E. the growing communist threat.

Answer: D

The Eisenhower administration responded to Fidel Castro's coming to power in Cuba by

The Eisenhower administration responded to Fidel Castro's coming to power in Cuba by

A. ending diplomatic relations.
B. blockading Cuban ports.
C. establishing a military presence in Guantanamo Bay.
D. All these answers are correct.
E. None of these answers is correct.

Answer: A

Between 1945-1959, the United States policy in the Middle East saw the

Between 1945-1959, the United States policy in the Middle East saw the

A. Eisenhower administration assist in the construction of the Aswan Dam.
B. Truman administration refuse to recognize the state of Israel.
C. President Eisenhower seek to end the rule of Egyptian leader Gamal Nasser during the Suez crisis.
D. CIA engineer a coup that brought the Shah of Iran to power.
E. U.S. refuse to join in a UN resolution denouncing British and French actions during the Suez crisis.

Answer: D

In 1954, under John Foster Dulles's concept of "massive retaliation," the United States would

In 1954, under John Foster Dulles's concept of "massive retaliation," the United States would

A. counter any Soviet military move with a larger American force.
B. win the Cold War regardless of the financial cost.
C. use nuclear weapons against communist aggression.
D. use military force before diplomacy in dealing with the Soviet Union.
E. rely primarily on large conventional forces in local conflicts to defeat communism.

Answer: C

The political decline of Senator Joseph McCarthy began when he investigated

The political decline of Senator Joseph McCarthy began when he investigated

A. the United States Senate.
B. the Central Intelligence Agency.
C. Dwight Eisenhower's family.
D. the civil rights movement.
E. the army.

Answer: E

The most significant and costly initiative of the federal government under President Dwight Eisenhower involved

The most significant and costly initiative of the federal government under President Dwight Eisenhower involved

A. a nuclear energy program.
B. the space program.
C. a federal highway system.
D. a national healthcare system.
E. a large tax cut.

Answer: C

In the 1950s, factors in the rise of the civil rights movement included

In the 1950s, factors in the rise of the civil rights movement included

A. the events of World War II.
B. the growth of the urban middle class.
C. the rapid spread of television.
D. Cold War politics.
E. All these answers are correct.

Answer: E

The Montgomery bus boycott of 1955-1956

The Montgomery bus boycott of 1955-1956

A. failed to end the segregation policies on public city buses.
B. was ruled illegal by the Supreme Court.
C. was sparked by a beating of an African-American woman.
D. marked the emergence of an effective form of racial protest.
E. led to the creation of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE).

Answer: D

In the civil rights movement, the spirit of "massive resistance" is associated with

In the civil rights movement, the spirit of "massive resistance" is associated with

A. northern blacks.
B. southern blacks.
C. northern whites.
D. progressive liberals.
E. southern whites.

Answer: E

All of the following were factors in the 1950s in rising poverty rates in inner cities EXCEPT

All of the following were factors in the 1950s in rising poverty rates in inner cities EXCEPT

A. large numbers of poor people migrating into these areas.
B. increasing automation.
C. a growth of unskilled industrial jobs in these areas.
D. persistent racial discrimination.
E. the movement of factories and mills to new locations.

Answer: C

During the 1950s, rural America

During the 1950s, rural America

A. lost ten percent of its population in 1956.
B. saw its percentage of the national income drop to less than two percent.
C. saw the South increase plantings of cotton as a cash crop.
D. both lost ten percent of its population in 1956, and saw its percentage of the national income drop to less than two percent.
E. All these answers are correct.

Answer: A

Michael Harrington's 1962 book, The Other America, focused on the problems of

Michael Harrington's 1962 book, The Other America, focused on the problems of

A. sexism.
B. racism.
C. poverty.
D. youth alienation.
E. McCarthyism.

Answer: C

Like many early white rock musicians, Elvis Presley drew heavily from black traditions in

Like many early white rock musicians, Elvis Presley drew heavily from black traditions in

A. jazz.
B. rhythm and blues.
C. country western.
D. gospel.
E. folk.

Answer: B

The popular "beat" novel On the Road (1957) was written by

The popular "beat" novel On the Road (1957) was written by

A. Allen Ginsberg.
B. J. D. Salinger.
C. Jack Kerouac.
D. William Burroughs.
E. Saul Bellow.

Answer: C

In his 1956 book on corporate America, The Organization Man, William Whyte, Jr. contended

In his 1956 book on corporate America, The Organization Man, William Whyte, Jr. contended

A. the ideal of rugged individualism had been reestablished in the business community.
B. women and minorities had little chance for advancement in American corporations.
C. corporate wealth was not being fairly shared with its workers.
D. the "inner-directed man" had become "other-directed."
E. a worker's most valuable trait in the corporate work setting was to get along.

Answer: E

During the 1950s, television networks

During the 1950s, television networks

A. refused to show the social upheavals that occurred in America.
B. generally sought to convey an idealized image of America.
C. created conditions that helped to ameliorate social conflict.
D. All these answers are correct.
E. None of these answers is correct.

Answer: B

During the 1950s, in the United States, married women who worked outside the home

During the 1950s, in the United States, married women who worked outside the home

A. faced social pressures to quit their jobs.
B. increased in number throughout the decade.
C. accounted for one-third of all married women.
D. both increased in number throughout the decade, and accounted for one-third of all married women.
E. All these answers are correct.

Answer: E

During the 1950s, the popularity in the United States of suburban living was partly explained by

During the 1950s, the popularity in the United States of suburban living was partly explained by

A. the social importance placed on the family.
B. a desire for racial segregation.
C. a desire for privacy, security, and space for consumer goods.
D. both the social importance placed on the family, and a desire for racial segregation.
E. All these answers are correct.

Answer: E

Between 1945-1957, the growth of American consumerism was aided by

Between 1945-1957, the growth of American consumerism was aided by

A. an 800 percent increase in consumer credit.
B. the development of credit cards.
C. low-payment credit plans.
D. revolving charge accounts.
E. All these answers are correct.

Answer: E

In 1961, the 1st American to be launched into outer space was

In 1961, the 1st American to be launched into outer space was

A. Yuri Gargarian
B. John Glenn
C. Alan Shepard
D. Edwin Aldrin
E. Neil Armstrong

Answer: C

During the 1950s, the United States government's primary motive for the development of rocket and missile technology was

During the 1950s, the United States government's primary motive for the development of rocket and missile technology was

A. for the exploration of outer space.
B. for the establishment of communication and spy satellites around the earth.
C. the quest to land a man on the moon.
D. for the long-range delivery of weapons.
E. to catch up with German knowledge of rocketry.

Answer: D

The correct chronological order for developments in electronic technology is

The correct chronological order for developments in electronic technology is

A. vacuum tube, integrated circuit, transistor.
B. transistor, vacuum tube, integrated circuit.
C. vacuum tube, transistor, integrated circuit.
D. integrated circuit, transistor, vacuum tube.
E. transistor, integrated circuit, vacuum tube.

Answer: C

In 1954, the American scientist Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for the prevention of

In 1954, the American scientist Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for the prevention of

A. polio.
B. tuberculosis.
C. influenza.
D. yellow fever.
E. typhoid.

Answer: A

Following World War II, American scientists made a critical contribution to the development of penicillin by

Following World War II, American scientists made a critical contribution to the development of penicillin by

A. demonstrating the value of antiseptic solutions to prevent infection.
B. first using the antibacterial agent known as sulfanilamide.
C. finding methods for its mass production and commercial distribution.
D. discovering the antibacterial properties for which the drug was named.
E. discovering penicillin could be used to treat streptococcal blood infections.

Answer: C

During the 1950s, the American Federation of Labor in the United States

During the 1950s, the American Federation of Labor in the United States

A. was intimidated by powerful and wealthy corporations.
B. made significant concessions in benefits to gain higher wages.
C. merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
D. represented nearly one-half of all working Americans.
E. saw its president, David Beck, charged with the misappropriation of union funds.

Answer: C

Following World War II, the American economy

Following World War II, the American economy

A. gave the average American fifty percent more purchasing power in 1960 than in 1945.
B. gave Americans the highest standard of living in 1960, after Switzerland and Sweden.
C. grew nearly ten times faster than the population between 1945 and 1975.
D. produced wealth that was equally distributed throughout the nation's population.
E. gave the average American ten percent more purchasing power than he or she had during the 1920s.

Answer: C

During the 1950s, the general economic conditions of the United States included

During the 1950s, the general economic conditions of the United States included

A. stagnant economic growth.
B. high inflation.
C. low federal government spending.
D. a slowly rising gross national product.
E. low unemployment.

Answer: E