The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 came as a great surprise because
a) President Roosevelt suspected that if an attack came, it would be in Malaya or the Philippines
b) there was no way of knowing that the Japanese had been provoked to the point of starting a war with the U.S.
c) Japanese communications were in a secret code unknown to the U.S.
d) the U.S. was, at the time, Japan's main source of oil and steel
e) it was believed that Japan had insufficient aircraft carriers to reach near Hawaii
Answer: A